DNS (Domain Name System) Indonesian: Domain Name System is a system that stores information about host name or domain name in the form of scattered databases (Distributed databases) in a computer network, such as the Internet.
DNS provides the IP address for each host name and record each letter transmitting server (the mail exchange server) receive electronic mail (email) for each domain.
DNS provides an important service to the Internet, where computer and network hardware work with IP addresses to perform tasks such as addressing and routing (routing), humans in general prefer to use the host name and domain name, for example is the appointment of a universal source (URL ) and e-mail address. Control link to this need.
A brief history of control
Use name as the address pengabstraksi machine in a computer network that is better known by humans to defeat the TCP / IP, and back to the ARPAnet era. Previously, each computer in a computer network using file HOSTS.TXT from SRI (now SIR International), which maps an address to a name (technically, this file is still there - most modern operating systems use either raw or through configuration, can see the hosts file to match a host name into an IP address before performing a search via DNS). However, that system had inherent limitations because of the obvious requirement that every time a computer's address changed, any system that wanted to communicate with these computers need an update to its Hosts file.
With the development of computer networks, requires a system that could be developed: a system that can change the host address in just one place, other hosts will learn the dynamic perubaha. This is the control.
Paul Mockapetris invented the DNS in 1983; the original specifications appear in RFC 882 and 883. In 1987, the publication of RFC 1034 and RFC 1035 updated the DNS specification. This made RFC 882 and RFC 883 obsolete. Several recent RFCs have memproposikan some extra from the core DNS protocols.
Management of the control system consists of three components:
• DNS resolver, a client program that runs on a user's computer, which makes the request control from the application program.
• recursive DNS server, which searches through the control in response to requests from the resolver, and return the answer to the resolver and
• authoritative DNS servers that provide answers to requests from recursor, either in the form of an answer, or in the form of delegation (eg: reference to other authoritative DNS servers)
Understanding some parts of the domain name
A domain name usually consists of two or more parts (technically labels), separated by dots.
Each label to the left specifies a subdivision or subdomain of the domain is higher. Note: "subdomain" states relative dependence, not absolute. Example: wikipedia.org is a subdomain of the org domain, and id.wikipedia.org can form a subdomain of the domain wikipedia.org (in practice, id.wikipedia.org actually represents a host name - see below). In theory, this subdivision can reach a depth of 127 levels, and each label can contain up to 63 characters, over the domain name does not exceed a total length of 255 characters. But in practice, some domain name registrants (domain name registry) has fewer boundaries.
Finally, the most left part of the domain name (usually) state the name of the host. The rest of the domain name states a way to build a logical path to the information needed; hostname is the true purpose of a system that sought its IP address. Example: domain name www.wikipedia.org has a host name "www."
DNS has a hierarchical set of DNS servers. Each domain or subdomain has one or more authoritative DNS Servers (the authoritative DNS server) is publishing of information about the domain and server names for each domain were "beneath" him. At the top of the hierarchy, there are the root servers, the parent server name: server in question when searching (complete / resolving) of a domain name of the highest (top-level domains).
Types of DNS records
Several important groups from data stored in the control are as follows:
• A record or address record maps a host name to IP address 32-bit (for IPv4).
• aaaa record or IPv6 address record maps a host name to IP address 128-bit (for IPv6). CNAME record or canonical name record makes an alias for a domain name. Domains that are aliases to own all the subdomains and DNS records as the original.
• [[MX record]] or mail exchange record maps a domain name to the list of mail exchange servers for that domain.
PTR record or pointer record maps a host name to a canonical name for that host. Making PTR record for a hostname in the in-addr.arpa domain name that represents an IP address search adopted under control (reverse DNS lookup) to the address. For example (at the time of writing this article), www.icann.net have an IP address 192.0.34.164, but a PTR record mapping,, 164.34.0.192.in-addr.arpa to the canonical name: referrals.icann.org.
NS record or name server record maps a domain name to a list of DNS servers for that domain. Representatives depend on NS records.
SOA record or start of authority records (Start of Authority) DNS server refers mengediakan authorization information about an Internet domain.
SRV record is a record of the location in general.
TXT records allow administrators to insert random data into the DNS records, these records are also used in the specification of the Sender Policy Framework.
Other types of records simply provide information (for example, LOC record gives the physical location of a host, or experimental file (for example, a WKS record gives a list of servers offering a service which is known (Well-Known service) such as HTTP or POP3 for a given domain.
Control software
Several types of DNS software implement the DNS, some of them:
1. BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain)
2. djbdns (Daniel J. Bernstein 's DNS)
3. MaraDNS
4. QIP (Lucent Technologies)
5. NSD (Name Server Daemon)
6. PowerDNS
7. Microsoft DNS (for the server edition of Windows 2000 and Windows 2003)
DNS provides the IP address for each host name and record each letter transmitting server (the mail exchange server) receive electronic mail (email) for each domain.
DNS provides an important service to the Internet, where computer and network hardware work with IP addresses to perform tasks such as addressing and routing (routing), humans in general prefer to use the host name and domain name, for example is the appointment of a universal source (URL ) and e-mail address. Control link to this need.
A brief history of control
Use name as the address pengabstraksi machine in a computer network that is better known by humans to defeat the TCP / IP, and back to the ARPAnet era. Previously, each computer in a computer network using file HOSTS.TXT from SRI (now SIR International), which maps an address to a name (technically, this file is still there - most modern operating systems use either raw or through configuration, can see the hosts file to match a host name into an IP address before performing a search via DNS). However, that system had inherent limitations because of the obvious requirement that every time a computer's address changed, any system that wanted to communicate with these computers need an update to its Hosts file.
With the development of computer networks, requires a system that could be developed: a system that can change the host address in just one place, other hosts will learn the dynamic perubaha. This is the control.
Paul Mockapetris invented the DNS in 1983; the original specifications appear in RFC 882 and 883. In 1987, the publication of RFC 1034 and RFC 1035 updated the DNS specification. This made RFC 882 and RFC 883 obsolete. Several recent RFCs have memproposikan some extra from the core DNS protocols.
Management of the control system consists of three components:
• DNS resolver, a client program that runs on a user's computer, which makes the request control from the application program.
• recursive DNS server, which searches through the control in response to requests from the resolver, and return the answer to the resolver and
• authoritative DNS servers that provide answers to requests from recursor, either in the form of an answer, or in the form of delegation (eg: reference to other authoritative DNS servers)
Understanding some parts of the domain name
A domain name usually consists of two or more parts (technically labels), separated by dots.
Each label to the left specifies a subdivision or subdomain of the domain is higher. Note: "subdomain" states relative dependence, not absolute. Example: wikipedia.org is a subdomain of the org domain, and id.wikipedia.org can form a subdomain of the domain wikipedia.org (in practice, id.wikipedia.org actually represents a host name - see below). In theory, this subdivision can reach a depth of 127 levels, and each label can contain up to 63 characters, over the domain name does not exceed a total length of 255 characters. But in practice, some domain name registrants (domain name registry) has fewer boundaries.
Finally, the most left part of the domain name (usually) state the name of the host. The rest of the domain name states a way to build a logical path to the information needed; hostname is the true purpose of a system that sought its IP address. Example: domain name www.wikipedia.org has a host name "www."
DNS has a hierarchical set of DNS servers. Each domain or subdomain has one or more authoritative DNS Servers (the authoritative DNS server) is publishing of information about the domain and server names for each domain were "beneath" him. At the top of the hierarchy, there are the root servers, the parent server name: server in question when searching (complete / resolving) of a domain name of the highest (top-level domains).
Types of DNS records
Several important groups from data stored in the control are as follows:
• A record or address record maps a host name to IP address 32-bit (for IPv4).
• aaaa record or IPv6 address record maps a host name to IP address 128-bit (for IPv6). CNAME record or canonical name record makes an alias for a domain name. Domains that are aliases to own all the subdomains and DNS records as the original.
• [[MX record]] or mail exchange record maps a domain name to the list of mail exchange servers for that domain.
PTR record or pointer record maps a host name to a canonical name for that host. Making PTR record for a hostname in the in-addr.arpa domain name that represents an IP address search adopted under control (reverse DNS lookup) to the address. For example (at the time of writing this article), www.icann.net have an IP address 192.0.34.164, but a PTR record mapping,, 164.34.0.192.in-addr.arpa to the canonical name: referrals.icann.org.
NS record or name server record maps a domain name to a list of DNS servers for that domain. Representatives depend on NS records.
SOA record or start of authority records (Start of Authority) DNS server refers mengediakan authorization information about an Internet domain.
SRV record is a record of the location in general.
TXT records allow administrators to insert random data into the DNS records, these records are also used in the specification of the Sender Policy Framework.
Other types of records simply provide information (for example, LOC record gives the physical location of a host, or experimental file (for example, a WKS record gives a list of servers offering a service which is known (Well-Known service) such as HTTP or POP3 for a given domain.
Control software
Several types of DNS software implement the DNS, some of them:
1. BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain)
2. djbdns (Daniel J. Bernstein 's DNS)
3. MaraDNS
4. QIP (Lucent Technologies)
5. NSD (Name Server Daemon)
6. PowerDNS
7. Microsoft DNS (for the server edition of Windows 2000 and Windows 2003)
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